Uterus Cancer

The exact cause of uterus cancer is not known, but certain factors can increase the risk. The primary risk factor is the hormonal imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, where estrogen levels are higher relative to progesterone. Other risk factors include obesity, advanced age, a history of endometrial hyperplasia, taking estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy, having an early onset of menstruation or late menopause, never being pregnant, and having a family history of uterus or colon cancer. However, it's important to note that having these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop uterus cancer.

To diagnose uterus cancer, various tests may be conducted. These may include a pelvic examination to check for any abnormalities in the uterus or cervix. Transvaginal ultrasound may be performed to obtain detailed images of the uterus, allowing the doctor to examine the thickness of the endometrium. Endometrial biopsy is a common procedure where a small sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus is taken for analysis. Other tests such as hysteroscopy, dilation and curettage (D&C), or imaging tests like computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be recommended to evaluate the extent and spread of the cancer.

The most common symptom of uterus cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially post-menopause or irregular bleeding between periods. Other symptoms may include pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, unexplained weight loss, changes in bowel or bladder habits, and a feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen. However, it's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

The early signs of uterus cancer are often related to abnormal vaginal bleeding. Post-menopausal bleeding or unexpected bleeding between menstrual periods can be an early indication. It's important to be vigilant and seek medical attention if you experience any unusual bleeding patterns or symptoms mentioned earlier, even if you're not yet menopausal.

Uterus cancer can lead to various complications depending on the stage and spread of the disease. If the cancer is detected at an advanced stage, it may spread to nearby organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, or rectum. Metastasis, which is the spread of cancer to distant organs like the lungs, liver, or bones, can also occur. Complications may include difficulties in fertility and pregnancy, sexual dysfunction, bowel or bladder problems, and the general impact on overall health and well-being. The specific complications vary from person to person and require individualized medical management.

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent uterus cancer, certain lifestyle choices and risk reduction strategies can help lower the risk. Maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet is important, as obesity is a significant risk factor. Additionally, managing hormone levels, such as through hormonal therapy, if necessary, and avoiding estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy can reduce the risk. Regular medical check-ups, discussing individual risk factors with healthcare professionals, and addressing any abnormal bleeding patterns promptly can also contribute to early detection and timely treatment.